"Healthcare 101" is unresponsive, as one might expect. Understandable. Sorry.

The costs are calculated per person. The people are the entire population of each country. In other words, take the total amount spent on healthcare, divide that by population, and there's the number. That's the cost per person.

The outcomes are measured by standard indices and have been used for years. Infant mortality, longevity, there's a long list, all of which have been tracked for a long time. Compare those and one gets a strong sense as to how effective the healthcare system is.

Nowhere does it talk about whether those people are aliens, have a Green Card, are Roman Catholics, pick lettuce, or are named "Melvin"? Makes no difference.

Nope. The USA is not getting it's money's worth and Conservatives promote that, are in favor of that, do not want to change that. Sort of makes one question their agenda, reasoning ability and intelligence, doesn't it? What other options are there?