Geography and Geology
It's a bit dated, but this WIRED article outlines some of the central disputes of the Arctic political and economic situation. Hope it aids the discussion:
https://www.wired.com/2010/09/seafloor-sunday-73-territorial-disputes-in-the-arctic-ocean/
And here are some maps, as requested:

Edit:
While there are certainly economic resources on the continental slopes that can and will be exploited, in my view, Greenland is the real prize. As the ice melts it will reveal some amazing mineral discoveries.
