I agree that; the role of money in societies and cultures is an interesting topic.
Unfortunately I have not studied that subject thoroughly enough to give any scientifically reliable information on such matters.
Thinking about your statement of: “there is no basic difference between churches and nations except on which part of existence they exert influence.” made me realise that you are, at least partly, correct.
According to my casual observation of the two systems, both systems teach people. Nations fund schools that teach people to understand the physical world. Churches (try to) teach people to understand the spiritual/emotional side of their lives. If everyone would know everything about the physical and the spiritual/emotional side of everything, then there would be no need to teach anyone anything, and money would not be needed, but such a condition can never be, because there is always something to learn.

As for CEO and janitors; I suspect the if the janitors job was essential to the existence of a company and the CEO was not, then the janitor would get a better pay than the CEO.
It also seems to me that the amount of income and how it is obtained by an organization has a lot to do with how much can be given to the employees and the CEO.
For instance if I was a owner/CEO of a company and you were an employee, and I would give you a pay that would be to your liking, the company would be making some widgets that would be sold for enough profit to give you your wage and I would get, say, a dollar from the total of widgets that you make every day. Would that be fair? I would be making a dollar a day and you would be making, say, eight hundred dollars a day.
Now suppose the widget sales would increase so that the company could hire 10 more people at the same rate of pay as yours, the total wages for the employees would be $8000.00 per day and I would get $10.00 per day. Would that be fair?
Now suppose that the widget market would really go through the roof, I would need to hire 10,000 people to make them world wide, so, making a dollar a day from each employees efforts I would be making $10,000.00 a day, would that be fair?