I doubt there would've been enough drag during launch to be noticeable. They can analyze the launch telemetry to see if the SSMEs did any gimballing* to correct for higher drag, but I doubt it would've been high enough to require that.

The higher drag was very noticeable during reentry. Given that high drag, I wonder if Columbia would've made it to the Cape even if the wing hadn't have come off. It's possible it could've come up short, perhaps forcing the crew to bail out. An off-field landing at around 200 knots probably would've have been survivable.

* Telemetry from the Challenger launch showed that the SSMEs had gimballed several degrees to one side to correct for the leakage from the SRBs, so I suppose the same thing would apply if the drag was high enough to be noticeable.