U.N. Security Council Resolution 1441 (2002) (8 page PDF file) was formed to restate the following resolutions currently being flouted by the Iraqi authorities:
* Security Council Resolution 661 (1990), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwaite (6 August 1990)
Decides restore the authority of the legitimate Government of Kuwait, and decides that all States shall prevent the import into their territories of all commodities and products originating in Iraq or Kuwait.
* Security Council Resolution 678 (1990), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait (29 November 1990)
Authorizes Member States, unless Iraq on or before 15 January 1991 fully implements Security Council resolutions, to use all necessary means to uphold and implement resolution 660 (1990) and all subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area.
* Security Council Resolution 686 (1991), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait (2 March 1991)
Demands that Iraq implement its acceptance of twelve resolutions previously adopted by the Security Council.
* Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait (3 April 1991)
Decides that, as a condition of a cease-fire, Iraq shall unconditionally accept the destruction, removal, or rendering harmless, under international supervision, of all nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and all stocks of agents and all related subsystems and components and all research, development, support and manufacturing facilities, as well as all ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 kilometers and related major parts, and repair and production facilities, and that a Special Commission shall carry out on-site inspection of any locations in Iraq.
* Security Council Resolution 688 (1991), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait (5 April 1991)
Condemns the repression of the Iraqi civilian population in many parts of Iraq, including in Kurdish populated areas, and insists that Iraq allow immediate access by international humanitarian organizations.
* Security Council Resolution 707 (1991), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait (15 August 1991)
Demands that Iraq provide full, final and complete disclosure, as required by resolution 687 (1991), of all aspects of its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 kilometers.
* Security Council Resolution 715 (1991), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwaite (11 October 1991)
Approves the plan of the Secretary-General and the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for future ongoing monitoring and verification.
* Security Council Resolution 986 (1995), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwaite (14 April 1995)
Expands the "Oil-for-Food" exceptions to the trade embargo.
* Security Council Resolution 1284 (1999), on the situation between Iraq and Kuwaite (17 December 1999)
Establishes, as a subsidiary body of the Council, the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC)
Resolution 688 is the closest we have to a reiteration of U.N. permission to patrol the no fly zones that is covered by the new resolution:
688 states:
RESOLUTION 688 (1991)
Adopted by the Security Council at its 2982nd meeting on 5 April 1991
The Security Council,
Mindful of its duties and its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security,
Recalling of Article 2, paragraph 7, of the Charter of the United Nations,
Gravely concerned by the repression of the Iraqi civilian population in many parts of Iraq, including most recently in Kurdish populated areas, which led to a massive flow of refugees towards and across international frontiers and to cross-border incursions, which threaten international peace and security in the region,
Deeply disturbed by the magnitude of the human suffering involved, Taking note of the letters sent by the representatives of Turkey and France to the United Nations dated 2 April 1991 and 4 April 1991, respectively (S/22435 and S/22442),
Taking note also of the letters sent by the Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations dated 3 and 4 April 1991, respectively (S/22436 and S/22447),
Reaffirming the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of Iraq and of all States in the area,
Bearing in mind the Secretary-General's report of 20 March 1991 (S/22366),
1. Condemns the repression of the Iraqi civilian population in many parts of Iraq, including most recently in Kurdish populated areas, the consequences of which threaten international peace and security in the region;
2. Demands that Iraq, as a contribution to remove the threat to international peace and security in the region, immediately end this repression and express the hope in the same context that an open dialogue will take place to ensure that the human and political rights of all Iraqi citizens are respected;
3. Insists that Iraq allow immediate access by international humanitarian organizations to all those in need of assistance in all parts of Iraq and to make available all necessary facilities for their operations;
4. Requests the Secretary-General to pursue his humanitarian efforts in Iraq and to report forthwith, if appropriate on the basis of a further mission to the region, on the plight of the Iraqi civilian population, and in particular the Kurdish population, suffering from the repression in all its forms inflicted by the Iraqi authorities;
5. Requests further the Secretary-General to use all the resources at his disposal, including those of the relevant United Nations agencies, to address urgently the critical needs of the refugees and displaced Iraqi population;
6. Appeals to all Member States and to all humanitarian organizations to contribute to these humanitarian relief efforts;
7. Demands that Iraq cooperate with the Secretary-General to these ends;
8. Decides to remain seized of the matter.
Then:
The White House called Monday's attacks on U.S. planes by Iraqi air defenses -- which were then bombed -- a violation of Clause 8 of the resolution, which states that "Iraq shall not take or threaten hostile acts directed against any representative or personnel of the United Nations or the IAEA or of any Member State taking action to uphold any Council resolution." The problem is, the flyers aren't enforcing a Council resolution. The U.S., Britain and France began in 1991 denying Iraq the right to fly in parts of its own airspace as a way of implementing UN resolutions urging protection for the Kurds in northern Iraq and the Shiites in the south from the wrath of Saddam. But the "no-fly" zone was never specifically mandated by the UN Security Council, and was rejected from the outset by Iraq as a violation of its sovereignty. Iraq's objections were backed by Russia and China, and in 1996 France withdrew its participation.
(Why 'No-Fly' Zone Clashes Won't Trigger an Iraq War, by TIME’s Tony Karon)
Pity.
Well, the U.S. tried to run and end-play on a half-assed ruling pressed forth in 1992 called the no-fly-zone, which really heated up in 1998 with the expulsion of the U.N. inspectors. I suppose it is again a U.S.-led surveillance to stave off Iraq hostilities directed against Iraqi citizens. Seems we were cheered for the endeavor of supporting U.N. Resolution 688, but then no resolution was ever placed to the U.N. regarding the establishment of the no-fly zones -- and the U.N. either decides to now ignore this resolution, or will deal with it as a separate item...
The previous admin seemed more interested in what was going on under the president’s desk, rather than what may/may not have been languishing on its top.
We’ve taken them this long, I think we can see it through.
Wondering if a new resolution is in the drafting stage yet...
Dan (ever doubtful)
Current Events » in reply to Kofi Annan says firing on our aircraft is OK by him
Re: Technicality . . .
