I could prove anytime that biofuels for the transportation sector, e.g. ethanol or biodiesel, are superior renewable alternatives to fossil fuels, but these people apparently don't care:
Anuvu is marketing a fuel cell/battery hybrid with a pitifully wimpy 60 kW powerplant (only 12 kW comes from hydrogen fuel cell) in, of all things, a medium-duty pickup truck. They are using Millennium Cell's 'hydrogen on demand' hydrogen storage system, in which hydrogen is bonded as liquid Sodium Borohydride in water solution, and released using an expensive platinum-group catalyst. Comparative energy densities are as follows:
1. Nickel-cadmium battery = 158 kJ/kg
2. Silver-Zinc battery = 396 kJ/kg
3. Lead-acid battery = 792 kJ/kg
4. Sodium-sulfur battery = 792 kJ/kg
5. Lithium-Sulfur battery = 792 kJ/kg
6. Solid Iron-titanium hydride = 2,124 kJ/kg
7. Liquid Sodium borohydride = 5,120 kJ/kg (5014.5 kJ per Liter)
8. Solid Magnesium hydride = 8,280 kJ/kg
9. Liquid hydrogen = 120,750 kJ/kg (8,452.5 kJ per Liter)
10.Gasoline = 47,500 kJ/kg (34,561 kJ per Liter)
One could argue that liquid hydrogen requires a heavy refrigerated tank, which addes to the weight, whereas Sodium Borohydride can be stored as a liquid at room temperature. So perhaps in those terms it is better than liquid hydrogen. However a 100-gram sample of Sodium Borohydride solution should yield only 4.24 grams of hydrogen gas. That's a 4.24 percent by mass storage capacity, assuming the fuel tank is featherweight. What is better? Simple compressed hydrogen stored at 5000 psi in aluminun-lined composite tanks achieves better than 11 percent storage by weight, including the weight of the tank.
But all this science is stupid when we realize that there is no naturally-occurring source of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen has to be produced either by extracting it from fossil fuels (cheapest), or by electrolysis of water (expensive). The latter is the only renewable source of hydrogen, and we still need to find a source of renewable energy to extract the hydrogen?!?! Since the efficiency of this process is already in the sewer, I'm not even going to discuss the alternatives.
Ethanol. Biodiesel. Farmers can seed land with biomass energy crops, e.g. corn, wheat straw, sugar cane, for less than 0.03 percent of the cost of covering the same land area with solar collectors. In fact biomass will tend to grow there whether we want it to or not! What an idea! Pure genius, why didn't I think of it? Well, I would have thought of it, but Henry Ford, who designed the Model T to run on ethanol, thought of it over 100 years ago, and I wasn't born yet.
Fuel Cells Update
