A team of astronomers have discovered two new planets orbiting giant stars, bringing to 118 the total number of known extrasolar planets. At least seven substellar companions have been found orbiting K-type stars, providing evidence that a planet can survive the evolution of its host star into a giant.

Several billion years from now, our Sun will evolve into a giant star similar to those the team has observed. The Earth will receive about 60 times more radiation than it does today and the temperature will rise to several hundred degrees Celsius. Observing the fate of companions of other stars late in life provides a glimpse into the future of our own solar system.

In a report at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, the team described four new companions to giant stars, two of which are of brown dwarf mass. One of the planetary candidates orbits the star 91 Aquarius, 146 light-years away [92 parsecs].

It has a minimum mass about three times that of Jupiter and orbits its host star once every 182 days. The other planet orbits the star HD 59686 once every 303 days and has a minimum mass of six-and-one-half Jupiters.

Located 299 light-years away, the star has a magnitude of 5.5 and should be visible to the unaided eye under favorable circumstances. K-type stars are sometimes referred to as 'orange stars', because they represent a class of relatively cool stars with surface temperatures in the range of 3,500 to 5,000 degrees Kelvin, a typical spectral region for orange coloration.

The discoveries were made with the Doppler technique, where the gravitational pull of the planet causes a wobble in the measured velocity of the host star.

Astrobio.net