Space/Science — HabitableZone

Space/Science » in reply to Woops!

No apology necessary!

Sorry everyone, I must have sounded a bit irked. I don't have an axe to grind. I did not want you to give up on your berry/stem idea.

Here is a pic which shows the lichen like features. There is a cracked off piece of rock on the lower right half of the image. At the top of this piece, just under a small overhanging hook in the upper center of the image is a patch of dark, globular and filamentous pieces that appear to be attached to the rock. They occur in many places here at Last Chance, but I thought this location was the best representation. The surface there is near vertical, to beyond vertical, I believe, so these are not just a patch of adhering soil particles, though that is a possibility. It seems that the soil too is composed in part of these odd looping structures. There is a spot farther left where one of these complete loops can be seen on the rock tightly encircling a bump. This gave the appearance of in situ growth to me. The resolution is only just enough to see these, and it helps in this darker image to turn up the monitor brightness.

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/1/m/039/1M131652758EFF0544P2933M2M1.JPG


The next image shows an example of one of the spheres that seems attached to a stem. It is on the right side, about half way down. The shadow under it shows how long and narrow the attachment is. There seem to be others behind it that are similar.
Attached spheres:
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/1/p/040/1P131737485EFF0552P2541L5M1.JPG


The next image illustrates some of the difficulty in interpreting this fine scale bedding. The middle rock has some higher angle exposure of the fine beds. Like the lines of a contour map, which never actually cross, the lines merge together at the cliff face, where the exposure is at 90 degrees to the bedding plane, or "vertical", and we are looking down at it from above. Each layer can be traced out, and they do not actually merge or "cross". It is clearer to speak about the Normal tangent to the bedding plane, and in order to properly see the bedding, the surface exposure needs to be parallel to the Normal, and the eye of the observer in the plane of the bedding. These conditions were not met very frequently, as the camera angles were mostly from above.
The lower rocks in the picture have an exposure that is closer to being parallel to the bedding plane. There we can see that slight changes in the slope of the exposure cause the bedding lines to diverge and converge wildly. Dips and slight elevations in the rock surface even produce concentric patterns in the bedding, like a contour map of a hill, because the bedding is so thin, parallel, and flat. This causes it to resemble the complex grain of wood. I think it is clear that these ripply looking lines are not ripples. Some of the examples that Nasa used to demonstrate cross bedding and ripples were exactly this, and I was a bit astounded and disappointed that the level of geologic knowledge being displayed here was this lacking. No doubt there was some current flowing here, but I want good evidence, not grasping at straws.
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/1/p/045/1P132185477EFF05AAP2561L5M1.JPG


The next image shows the rock Last Chance up close. Many linear segmented structures can be seen partly eroded out, especially in the upper part of the image. These go in all directions, but tend to be mostly "flat" lying. These intertwined filaments, possibly a fossil algae, slime, or linear precipitate, form a complex network within the rock. Any way you break this rock, you would see what you might believe is bedding or cross bedding, when in fact it is not beds, but linear and intertwined features only generally arranged as a bed and aligned along the principal current direction. This is what I have refered to as "anomalous" bedding. This rock is much different than the well formed flat layers of the previous example, and I would interpret that it did form with more current present, and would most likely represent fossilized algal mats. Perhaps each mat layer represents a diurnal cycle of growth during the day at the surface, and sinking to the bottom in the cold nights. I hypothesized that the blueberries might be concretions that formed in this mat with wave agitation at the surface providing the minerals and insuring spherical growth, while the eventual sinking would prevent almost all of them from growing any larger, thus producing the highly unusual and skewed size distribution as is seen. However, to some degree in this image, and more so in others, it can be seen that these filaments grade into small spheres, just like small "blueberries". This suggests much more than just a casual relationship between the spheres and segmented filaments.
This image also shows fairly clearly in the upper right more of the putative "lichens" with their looping growth encircling around bumps as well as forming dark globules and short threads on the surface.
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/1/m/039/1M131649214EFF0544P2931M2M1.HTML

This image is just a bit to the right of the previous image. It is in the exact same spot as Nasa's annotated example of cross bedding. The upper part of the image has a series of small pockets outlined by the segmented filaments. One of the filaments can be seen in a roughly circular cross section at the top edge middle of the image. The larger pocket just below this (which has the loopy lichens) is what Nasa has delineated as a migrating ripple sediment lense with cross bedding on its right margin. That looks OK in their press image, on a larger scale, but here we see that the right margin of this pocket does not contain cross bedding, but a stack of 4 segmented filaments. This is the point of the right yellow arrow in the press image (linked next). Where is the cross of the cross bedding?
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/all/1/m/039/1M131649144EFF0544P2933M2M1.HTML
The press image:
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/opportunity/20040323a/LastChance_A_JG04-B058R1_br.jpg

The lower red arrow of the press image is supposed to show ripple cross lamination. Look closely at the pan cam shot linked to above as "Attached spheres:". In that image, from a higher angle, you can see that there may not be any actual crossing, just that the rock is eroded farther back in some places, while other layers stick out more. The press release has a big work up on this same spot with a 3-D visualization, but this does little for me to clarify this. At best, it is a terrible example of a ripple, and where are the other ripples? This is not the regularity that rippled or cross bedded rock looks like. In many images, where it looks like there may be some cross bedding, closer examination shows that there are these segmented filaments that branch, or more frequently, cross over each other. Cross bedding should only rarely form a cross, but frequently show the merging of layers, and here, we see the opposite. These segmented filaments are harder, so they often form the leading edge of apparent, or actual layers.

At the Upper Dells rock, are we looking down at the side of many flat bedding layers? Or, are we looking at the actual bedding plane itself, covered in mostly parallel segmented filaments? The pancam view of this rock strongly supports the later hypothesis. That could be why this rock and Slickrock are slill flat after millions of years of fine wind erosion. It would be pretty unusual for a soft layered rock presumably sitting on its edge to erode so uniformly and stay flat, wouldn't it? I interpret these as something like stromatolites. The algal filaments may have been bottom growing with enough current to keep them aligned as they were deposited, more so at Slickrock, and less so at Dells.
Dells Press image:
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/opportunity/20040323a/Dells_A_JG10-B058R1.jpg

Slickrock:
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/opportunity/20040323a/GrainSize_JG14-B058R1.jpg


Upper Dells:
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/opportunity/20040323a/GrainSize_B-B058R1_br.jpg


I wish I could post some of the small images I have cut out that illustrate these points, but I have not learned how without web space.

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