from Nature advance online publication; published online 6 July 2005
Evidence for magmatic evolution and diversity on Mars from infrared observations

P. R. Christensen1, H. Y. McSween, Jr2, J. L. Bandfield1, S. W. Ruff1, A. D. Rogers1, V. E. Hamilton3, N. Gorelick1, M. B. Wyatt1, B. M. Jakosky4, H. H. Kieffer5, M. C. Malin6 and J. E. Moersch2

Compositional mapping of Mars at the 100-metre scale with the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) has revealed a wide diversity of igneous materials. Volcanic evolution produced compositions from low-silica basalts to high-silica dacite in the Syrtis Major caldera. The existence of dacite demonstrates that highly evolved lavas have been produced, at least locally, by magma evolution through fractional crystallization. Olivine basalts are observed on crater floors and in layers exposed in canyon walls up to 4.5 km beneath the surface. This vertical distribution suggests that olivine-rich lavas were emplaced at various times throughout the formation of the upper crust, with their growing inventory suggesting that such ultramafic (picritic) basalts may be relatively common. Quartz-bearing granitoid rocks have also been discovered, demonstrating that extreme differentiation has occurred. These observations show that the martian crust, while dominated by basalt, contains a diversity of igneous materials whose range in composition from picritic basalts to granitoids rivals that found on the Earth.

and see also an interview with Christensen at http://www.spacedaily.com/news/mars-future-05p.html
where he hypothesises on how differentiation can occur without plate tectonics.
"Though they're not widespread, we've found dacite, and we've found granite. One way to make these granites is to make a whole volcano stacked up out of basalt – it gets tall enough and you begin to remelt the stuff deep down, and when you remelt the basalt, you can have granites forming. These are fairly small occurrences."

Its good to see the role of volcanism emerging from the deluge of "Mars water" research.