So no, it's unlikely you'd want to orbit there. According to this source

As you know, the Van Allen radiation belts are doughnut-shaped regions encircling Earth and containing high-energy electrons and ions trapped in the Earth's magnetic field. Explorer I, launched by NASA in 1958, discovered these two regions of intense radiation surrounding the Earth. They are referred to as the inner and outer Van Allen radiation belts, after James Van Allen who designed Explorer I. The inner region is centered at about 3000 km above Earth and has a thickness of about 5000 km. The outer region is centered at about 15,000 -- 20,000 km above the surface of the Earth and has a thickness of 6,000 -- 10,000 km.

Typically, manned space flight (such as the Shuttle) stays well below the altitude of the van Allen radiation belts. Safe flight can occur below altitudes of 400 km or so.

So, to avoid orbiting from within one of the van Allen belts, you'd either want to be below about 500 km or above 5500 km but below the outer region. However, that gap may not be very big based on the numbers in that source. It sounds like the gap varies depending on solar activity and might not be a good place to stay for long. Of course, you could orbit above the outer belt but you'd lose the benefit of the radiation captured by the belt, similar to what you'd get in interplanetary space or on the moon.

From geosynch, the Earth would subtend an angle of about 17 degrees. Certainly not as impressive to the naked eye as your photo but probably beautiful none the less.