Space/Science — HabitableZone

Space/Science

Once more into the fray: Gilbert Levin on life on Mars.

Just saw this discussed on www.abovetopsecret.com :

Scientific Evidence Of Life On Mars!! Why is NASA Obfuscating The Truth?
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread346977/pg1

Despite the title on that forum, Levin is only arguing in a new paper that the general scientific community took the "safe" approach to the Viking life results not that there is an intent to obfuscate the truth.
Levin in this new paper summarizes the new information found from the Mars landers and orbiters that came after Viking and argues they give further support to his view that Viking did indeed detect life on Mars.
Just one image from the Viking 2 lander gives strong support, perhaps even overwhelming support, for the idea that at least liquid water brines, occurred at the Viking 2 landing site, and likely in wide spread locations on Mars.

http://mars.spherix.com/spie2003/SPIE_2003_Paper_GVL_files/image007.jpg


This shows early morning water ice frosts at the Viking 2 landing site. Observations from all the landers sent to Mars from Viking to Pathfinder to the MER rovers have shown abundant salts on the surface, which are known to greatly reduce the freezing point of water. The temperatures at the VL2 site are believed to have reached reached to -10 C:

Articles
Soil and Surface Temperatures at the Viking Landing Sites.
HUGH H. KIEFFER
Science 17 December 1976: Vol. 194. no. 4271, pp. 1344 - 1346
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/194/4271/1344

This temperature is well within the range of liquid water brines, which can be liquid down to -20C to -40C depending on the type of salt. Note also that at the Viking landing sites, as the sites were specifically chosen to be at low elevations, the atmospheric pressure never fell below the 6.2 mbar triple point for pressure for liquid water.

Water ice frosts have also been seen at the site of one of the current MER rovers:

OBSERVATION OF FROST AT THE EQUATOR OF MARS BY THE OPPORTUNITY ROVER.
Geoffrey A. Landis and the MER Athena Science Team, NASA John Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, mailstop 302-1, Cleveland OH
44135; *...@nasa.gov
Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII (2007)
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/2423.pdf

These rovers are at equatorial sites where the daytime temperatures can be well above freezing.

That such frosts occurred at widely separate locations, from a middle latitude to a equatorial latitude, implies they occur at widespread locations on Mars.

Observations in Antarctica show such brines can flow as streams at subfreezing temperatures before evaporating leaving salt deposits behind:

IN SEARCH FOR WATER ON MARS, CLUES FROM ANTARCTICA.
http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/saltmars.htm

Bob Clark

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