In pre-telescope days,
finding celestial objects was not that hard, there weren't that many!
The astonomer usually used a celestial globe, on whoch the celestial sphere was painted as if SEEN FROM THE OUTSIDE. This was so second nature to them that even star charts in those days were printed mirror-image, as if the observer were looking at the sky from the outside, downward to the earth (i.e., Betelgeuse was in Orion's RIGHT shoulder).