…just thinking out loud.

The thought of building on the Moon is fascinating.

Would the structure be pre-fab or free form?
The thought of some sort of concrete construction is out until water is available. I doubt we are going to bring steel reinforcement, maybe carbon fiber. Concrete is probably still out due to the amount of energy required to process and move it. Also there would probably be a problem with curing and temperature. Concrete hardens by the precipitation of calcium silicate crystals. (Now that would make for an interesting shuttle experiment how concrete cures in 0g.)

How about a bi-component polyfoam.

To build a dome structure you could inflate an inner dome or form (if you had the air to do it.) and an outer dome of a larger radius to give you the desired wall thickness. The idea is not new. I’ve seen homes constructed by spraying foam over inflatable forms. The poly foam components could be mixed and pumped between the forms and allowed to expand up the dome walls and bleed out a pressure relief valve on the top.

One thing you would have to contend with is those pesky flying space rocks. This could be handled with the use of an exterior Kevlar blanket. It would help to have some form of skeleton framework with spring dampeners supporting the micrometeorite shield to spread the energy of impact. Otherwise the structure may suffer bruising. It may be more practical to bury the structure and have an observation area connected by airlocks to the structure and the outside.

The foundation may only need be large pads spiked to the surface.

This is fun, someone else want to give it a try?

Rob