Compare the glacier tongues in Mount Saint Helens with this one on Mars or the ones at the top of this picture

I see a lot of similarities. The ice tongues on Mount Saint Helens are formed when the volcano melts the ice causing it to flow a short ways before it refreezes in the tongue.

The ones on Mars are probably caused when groundwater erupts from the top of the crater wall, flows down (craving the gullies) and then freezing into the tongues.

The big question on Mars, what makes the groundwater liquid? I am betting it is solar heating of the crater wall. This would explain why the gullies are usually found on certain sides of the crater walls, and why there is not a constant flow. If there was an underground heat source melting the subsurface ice, I would expect there would be a constant flow of water, and the crater would fill with ice.