Space/Science — HabitableZone

Space/Science

A mission to the surface of Enceladus

I wondered aloud if it was easier to land on the surface
of Enceladus instead of Europa...Welll?????.....It is.
A lot easier.

The escape velocity for Europa is 2000 meters/second.
[Orbital velocity near the surface would be about 1400 meter/second.]

The escape velocity for Enceladus is 210 meters/second.
[Note the small delta vee for a spacecraft to enter a low circular orbit around Enceladus:
Delta V = 60 m/s.

So it is a heck of a lot easier to land a spacecraft on Enceladus than on Europa.

Here's a mission scenario I could pitch at you.

First: Spacecraft is launched from Earth to sufficient velocity to reach nearby planets
for gravitational assist to Jupiter, first.

Second: A gravitational assist from Jupiter sends it to Saturn.

Third: Arriving at Saturn, the spacecraft dips into the Saturnian atmosphere, achieving
aerobraking to slow the spacecraft from escape velocity down to an eliptical orbit
velocity, with an apoapsis "just" touching Enceladus' orbit.
[You can't do that at Jupiter]

Fourth: Arriving at Enceladus orbit, the spacecraft needs only a small delta-vee rocket motor burn to achieve orbit around Enceladus.

Fifth: In orbit, the spacecraft scouts out, images, radar probes, and instrument senses
a promising landing site.

Sixth: With only a little more than five percent of its total mass consisting of propellant,
the spacecraft drops down from orbit and lands on Enceladus, on a thin ice shell covering a large body of water beneath.

Seventh: The spacecraft lands, and deploys a "heating probe" that melts its way
through the ice down to the body of water, drawing a fiber-optic cable down with it.

Eight: The heating probe finally enters the body of water, and using a tiny laser for illumination
and a tiny camera for imaging, sends back images of a liquid water world beyond Earth.
{Maybe, but doubtful, something will swim into view}.

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