Sound environmental management does not necessarily imply strict constructionism. There is no reason why any potentially hazardous strategy cannot be considered if the cost benefit analysis is rigorous and realistic and equitable to all stakeholders and everyone liable to be affected; and if it is applied under carefully monitored conditions. The problems occur when that analysis is biased by a conflict of interest, especially an economic one. And of course, the decision must be open to public review and scientific scrutiny. But there will always be controversy and honest differences of opinion. We've used up all the easy solutions, from now on we're on our own. Some mistakes will be inevitable, but we can learn from them and we can hope they will be balanced by our successes.