If Iran could put 200 lb payload into orbit [very small payload] how much payload could be launched for sub-orbital trajectory to California?

Tom replys: "With a ballistic missile, it takes (roughly) almost as much energy to hit something on the other side of the planet as it does to get into orbit."

Iran is on the opposite side of the Earth's northern hemisphere from California- whether you go east or west it's about the same distance- but because of the Earth rotation traveling east takes less energy.

In airline distance LA is 7,581 miles [12200 km] from Tehran:
http://www.laalmanac.com/transport/tr52.htm

Wiki defines a ICBM as missile with range exceeding 5500 km with MRBM and IRBM having shorter ranges [1000 to 2500km and 2500 to 5500km, respectively]

"on August 1957 when the first ICBM, designated as R-7 Semyorka managed to cover 7000 km to strike a target in Kamchatka peninsula. The missile was capable of carrying a 2.9 MT nuclear warhead weighing 5.4 tons, up to a maximum range of 8600 km. A modified version of the R-7 ICBM was later used to launch the first satellite to space – the Sputnik 1 on October 1957."
http://www.abytheliberal.com/america/us-russia-nuclear-icbm

And wiki it say a ICBM speed is 6 to 7 km/s. [and travels 1200 km above earth surface and has a specific orbital energy of 27 MJ/kg {compared to specific orbital energy of LEO of 32.1 to 38.6 MJ/kg}]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period

So, I agree that "a ballistic missile, it takes (roughly) almost as much energy to hit something on the other side of the planet". The *exact* opposite side of planet is about 20,000 km in distance; with the distance between LA and Tehran being about 60% of that distance.