HabitableZone

Flame » in reply to I agree with almost all of that

Not to nit-pick

Although associated with Islamic communities, Female Genital Mutilation can't be blamed on Islam. It is a widespread North African tribal practice with an ancient history that survives in primitive communities to this day. True, it is practiced in some parts of the Islamic world, but it is not a consequence of Islamic teachings or belief. From the Wikipedia article on FGM:

Surveys have shown a widespread belief, particularly in Mali, Mauritania, Guinea and Egypt, that FGM is a religious requirement. Gruenbaum has argued that practitioners may not distinguish between religion, tradition and chastity, making it difficult to interpret the data.

FGM's origins in northeastern Africa are pre-Islamic, but the practice became associated with Islam because of that religion's focus on female chastity and seclusion. There is no mention of it in the Quran. It is praised in several hadith (sayings attributed to Muhammad) as noble but not required. In 2007 the Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research in Cairo ruled that FGM had "no basis in core Islamic law or any of its partial provisions.

There is no mention of FGM in the Bible. Christian missionaries in Africa were among the first to object to FGM, but Christian communities in Africa do practise it. UNICEF reported in 2013 that, for example, 55 percent of Christian women and girls in Niger had experienced FGM, compared with two percent of their Muslim counterparts. The only Jewish group known to have practised it are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia. Judaism requires male circumcision, but does not allow FGM. FGM is also practised by animist groups, particularly in Guinea and Mali.

History
Antiquity
Spell 1117
But if a man wants to know how to live, he should recite it [a magical spell] every day, after his flesh has been rubbed with the b3d [unknown substance] of an uncircumcised girl ['m't] and the flakes of skin [šnft] of an uncircumcised bald man.
— Inscription on Egyptian sarcophagus, c. 1991–1786 BCE

The origins of the practice are unknown. Its east-west, north-south distribution in Africa meets in Sudan. Gerry Mackie has suggested that infibulation originated there with the Meroite civilization (c. 800 BCE — c. 350 CE) and imperial polygyny, before the rise of Islam, to increase confidence in paternity.


I'm not saying we should turn a blind eye to this barbaric practice, just that we can't use it as a wholesale condemnation of an entire civilization. This is how carefully selected anecdotal information can be manipulated and exaggerated to further unconnected political agendas by demonizing the targeted group or community.

That's all I ask, Buck. You have to keep an eye open for this sort of thing. Its become part of the contemporary political and propaganda landscape.

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