I don't know if I can break it down to five specific goals. The goals are derived from basic causes, and are not causes in themselves.

The Left is collectivist. The Right (ideally) is individualist, although Libertarians are generally more consistent about this than conservatives.

The Left believes that all things should be controlled or at least regulated by a central authority. There is no aspect of your existence that they do not think the state should have some say in. The Right believes that one should run ones own life, without asking the government's permission, which is what the Constitution was all about originally. Again, libertarians are more consistent than conservatives in this. Many conservatives want to run other people's lives in specific areas.

If you are really having trouble figuring this out, and not just pulling my chain, try some of the political quizzes, then reason backwards to figure out goals. If not, then do some reading. Start with Ayn Rand.

Quiz 1

Note from how this quiz is arranged that you can deduce that the Left is about control, and the Right is about freedom.

And of course, there is the classic World's Smallest Political Quiz.