<(If you know that there is no life anywhere else in the universe, then please tell me where you obtained the evidence.)

Well, I can suppose a lot of things.

The existence/nonexistence of extraterrestrial life is not for me to prove. I see no other life, therefore I cannot claim another exists. It’s very possible, and many say ridiculous to believe it any other way, but it has yet to have shown itself to us, and we have yet to have discovered it. Today, at this space and time, all the life we know, or have ever known, found its origins here, on this lonely, fertile growing-field called Earth.

We shall have to wait for what the future may tell.

The numbers you seek, regarding lost quantities of atmospheric particles, are not with me. I find the sum of “miniscule” to be sufficient data. The Solar wind pounds at a regular speed of between 200 km/s and 900 km/s, but with a density of very near zero (1 to 10 protons per cubic centimeter). Our astronauts bounced through it with relative ease on the Moon, and the posted flags never rippled.

As for the environment of Mars, there is no magnetosphere to protect what little atmosphere she holds, and there is no shield against the Solar wind, meteor storms, or coronal mass ejections. It’s a radio-hot planet, one we will need to be very prepared for when we eventually go.

About moisture, here’s a new one, just in from Goddard:

NASA Pinpoints Where Rain Comes From, and Where It Goes

A new NASA computer model can now tell exactly where in the world rain or snow that provides local water originated. Scientists can use this "water vapor tracer" to improve rainfall and drought forecasts and gain a deeper understanding of climate change.

Image Credit: GSFC.NASA.gov.

The model simulates water movement in the atmosphere around the world, and traces it from the places where it evaporates to the places where it falls back to Earth.

Image Credit: GSFC.NASA.gov.

"If I see rain or snow in the central U.S., I can now tell you how much of the moisture came from the Gulf of Mexico, how much came from the tropical Atlantic Ocean and so on," said meteorologist Mike Bosilovich of NASA's Data Assimilation Office at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Bosilovich is lead author of the study being published in the March-April issue of the Journal of Hydrometeorology. "The model gives us a much clearer picture of how water moves in the atmosphere than we have ever had before."
(Much more at: Goddard Space Flight Center)

Cheers,
Dan