Everyone acknowledges the Israelis have at least tactical nuclear weapons. There is even a rumored number, ~200.

Has anyone ever been aware of the Israelis testing them?

Does anyone think that the Israelis would build nuclear weapons and not test them?

Underground tests would be detected seismically, at least. Surface tests would kick up a lot of material which could be detected fairly easily.

That leaves atmospheric tests. Where might they do that? Probably over an ocean. The Mediterranean? Too many people around.

It seems to me that even without VELA one would surmise the Israelis did exactly what VELA discovered. I wouldn't be surprised if the South Africans were involved, too, as they have the ports from which the tests could be staged discretely. And the South Africans are reputed to have nuclear weapons. Here we go again.

Is anyone aware of the South Africans testing their nuclear weapons? Does anyone etc., etc., etc.

Arf