F-22 designed for air superiority, which means take control of thee skies by defeating enemy aircraft and defenses. It has been called the weapon to “knock the door down”, then allow other aircraft and troops to engage.
The F-35 is basically designed for ground attack and interdiction (bombing roads, airfields, factories, etc.).
F-22 has “super-cruise” ability. Can cruise supersonically without afterburners (very fuel efficient, and no other aircraft in the world can do this).
F-22 has two engines, and F-35 has one.
F-22 is much faster. I think mach 2+, and the F-35 is about mach 1.5 I think! This is because of what they were designed to do.
F-22 has “thrust vectoring”, which directs engine exhaust by a moveable nozzle. This means much more manuverable! No other aircraft in the world has this, except the F-35 directs exhaust to lift it vertically for take-off or for landing.
F-22 has more advanced sensors for detecting threats (missiles being fired, other aircraft,etc.)
F-35 has three versions: conventional for the Air Force, carrier version for the navy, and VTOL (vertical take off and landing) for the Marines. F-22 is one version.
Both are stealthy (low observable on radar).
F-22 cannot be exported out of the U.S. Congressional mandate/Public Law (due to sensitive technology). F-35 has international development partners, with the U.K. being the largest.