Don't you think it's suspicious that even in a sample right in front of them where they can apply all kinds of advanced chemical analysis they still can identify this mysterious "oxidant"?
Moreover they RULE OUT the most commonly hypothesized oxidant explanations - as Levin has also consistently argued about the Viking Mars results.
And on top of this, keep in mind that even in the soils in the driest areas THEY DID DETECT ORGANICS, AND AT A LOWER LEVEL THAN THE VIKING GCMS WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO DETECT.
Plus, a soil sample being "oxidizing" is not enough to prove to prove no life there since life on Earth uses all kinds of antioxidant properties to protect itself against the oxidants that are commonly found in Earth soils, not just in extreme environments:
What the Heck Do you Mean - Oxygen is Harmful??
"The superoxide anion mentioned above (O2-), if available, can be
converted by an enzyme called superoxide dismutase to hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) and molecular oxygen (O2) by the following reaction:
2O2- + 2H+ => O2 + H2O2.
Obligate aerobes - organisms which absolutely require O2 (many, many
microorganisms, including bacteria, and a bunch of macroorganisms -
like us) have this enzyme. As it turns out, H2O2 is also toxic -
bummer! - get rid of one thing and another one pops up! But - cells
are "smart." While H2O2 is dangerous, this stuff is significantly less
toxic than superoxide anions. But, cells may also have yet another
enzyme (our cells do - as do obligate aerobes) called catalase. This
enzyme converts H2O2 to H20 and O2 in the following reaction: 2H2O2 =>
2H2O + O2."
"So, all strict aerobes have _both_ of these enzymes.. and although
some bacteria do not have catalase, most _will_ have superoxide
dismutase. If they don't have superoxide dismutase, then they'll have
an enzyme which uses some metal ion (like manganese or some such
thing) which destroys the superoxide anions. Therefore, O2 is
necessary for all aerobes, but certain forms of O2 are dangerous as
well. Consequently, there are very sophisticated systems which protect
cells from the potentially toxic effects of this critical life-giving
substance."
http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/oxygen.html CATALASE "Hydrogen peroxide is formed as a waste product of metabolism in many living organisms. It is toxic and must be quickly converted into other, less dangerous, chemicals. To manage this problem, the enzyme catalase is frequently used to rapidly catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into harmless oxygen and water."http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase
Interestingly as both of these pages mention bacteria convert such
oxidants as superoxides and hydrogen peroxide into water and O2.
Enzymes to deactivate superoxides also occur in anaerobic oxganisms
which might be the type more likely to currently appear on Mars:
Anaerobic Microbes: Oxygen Detoxification Without Superoxide
Dismutase.
Science, Vol. 286, No. 5438, 8 Oct 1999, pp. 306-309.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/286/5438/306
So the presence of oxidants in addition to the observation of oxygen
produced in the biology experiments might in fact support a biology
explanation of the Viking biology results! If in fact life evolved on
Mars in an earlier less hostile time in it's history then we would
expect them in fact to have evolved defense mechanisms against such
oxidants as has happened for life on Earth.
Bob Clark
Space/Science » in reply to This time you are ignoring or misunderstanding the data
No, I'm following their data.
The whole thread (17 posts)
- Death Nell For Levin's Bad Science
- All she wrote
- "That's not Nell - it's my horse, in a Nell suit!"
- link to Science abstract
- re: link to Science abstract
- re: link to Science abstract
- Ah, so the mystery "oxidant" remains a mystery...
- re: link to Science abstract
