The very simple experiments that I conducted many years ago, when I was going to school, were the ones that were most thought provoking.
In those days I read about and then conducted experiments that proved the fact that there are two types of fields or charges involved in electrical phenomenon. I learned that these charges are arbitrarily called negative and positive.
I read about and experimentally confirmed that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
I read about and experimentally confirmed that there are two poles (or polarities) to a magnetic field.
I confirmed experimentally that a magnetic field deflects a stream of electrons at a 90 degree angle to the mag., field.
I read that a stream of positive particles are deflected to the opposite direction to that of the negative particles and at a 90 deg., to a mag., field.

After thoroughly understanding that such events happen in reality, I asked the question WHY.

Why are there always two poles to a magnet, what is the smallest possible magnet and why would it have two poles.
I read about the possible orbits of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.
I read about the spinning of electrons within the atom as the possible cause of the magnetic field.
I read about the possibility that the electron may spin around its own axis and that spin would then create the magnetic field, supposedly along the axis of the spin, which then would make the electron the smallest magnet. But that did not make sense to me, magnets, no matter how small, should always have an attractive effect at the opposite poles. Electrons never attract each other, therefore they can not be the smallest magnets.

But what about atoms, if the electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom would that explain magnetic fields.
All atoms would have orbiting electrons around them but all atoms are not strongly magnetic, so the strongly magnetic atoms are different somehow.
I looked at the periodic table of elements and found out that the strongly magnetic atoms have a certain number of extra neutrons in their nucleus.
Could it be that this particular amount of extra neutrons in the nucleus gives the atom the ability to be strongly magnetic.
Perhaps I was unto something here.
I knew that electrons repel each other and protons attract electrons, there then are these two forces of attraction and repulsion that always exist inside atoms and with magnets.
Could the magnetic field simply be a combination of these two electrical charges and the fields that surround these charges and if so, then how could that be.

The thought experiment.
Suppose that the electrons orbit around the nucleus in a similar fashion as the planets around the sun, that is, they have a more or less flat plane to their orbital vector and their motion is such that they follow each other in the same direction around the nucleus.
This arrangement gives some order into the system, since the electrons follow each other, their repulsion against each other is minimized and they can be closer to one another, if the electrons were moving in opposing directions their fields would act more strongly against each other and this would create unacceptable forces within the atomic structure. (Higher frequencies contain more energy. Higher apparent frequencies contain higher apparent energy.)
All atoms would have this pancake like electronic structure rotating around the nucleus, but only certain atoms display a very strong magnetic effect, the question was why.
In the nucleus there are the protons that repel each other and there are neutrons that seem to have the moderating forces that hold the nucleus together.

I figured that if one could force a certain number of these protons and neutrons together they would necessarily need to arrange them selves into some type of order where they would form a stable nuclear type structure.
What if the nuclei of ferromagnetic atoms formed into a dipole type structure, such that one end of the nucleus had more positive charge to it than the other. This shift of the positive charge could be caused by the certain number of neutrons that are in such atomic nuclei.
If the orbiting electrons follow a path around the nucleus in such a way that the positive end of the nucleus is pointing at a 90 degree angle away from the orbital path, and the other end is also pointing away at the same angle but in the opposite direction.
Then we would have a situation where the atom would be somewhat comparable to a bicycle wheel where the nucleus would be represented by the axle and the orbiting electrons would be represented by the rim and the tire.
If the axle (nucleus) had a net positive charge on one end and a net negative charge on the other end, then the axle would represent the nucleus of a ferromagnetic atom.
The negative potential at the other end of the nucleus can be explained by understanding how the neutrons are constructed and how they bind the nucleus together.

Lets suppose that we are looking at this wheel nucleus from the direction that has the negative end pointing towards us, the positive end would then be pointing away from us, lets also suppose that the orbiting electrons are moving in the clockwise direction.
Now if we take another such wheel atom and place it in between us and the original wheel, in the same orientation, then it can be seen that the orbiting electrons are moving in the same direction, when the electrons move in the same direction they do not repel each other very effectively. In this orientation the negative end of the previous nucleus will attract the positive end of the recent nucleus, that attraction is the magnetic field of the atoms.
If you flip one of these wheel atoms around, then it can be seen that the electrons will be orbiting in opposing directions, movement of electrons in opposing directions causes more repelling force. It can also be seen that the nuclei are oriented so that similar polarities are close to each other. These two effects then cause the repulsion of this so called magnetic field. The atom then is the smallest possible magnet.

The power of an electron's field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

If we have two or more of these wheel atoms oriented so that their nuclear poles are attracting each other, then if we separate the atoms so that there is a space between them, now, if we cause a free electron to pass through that space, it will be seen that the orbiting electron fields have the effect of displacing the free moving electron in a 90 degree angle away from the direction of the nuclear/magnetic poles. (One can use vector mathematics to confirm the intensity of such forces)

There is far more to the story of how I came to the presently held conclusions about the atomic structure, for instance, the observations that I made and experiments that I conducted to try and prove that the two poles of a magnet had electron produced differences.

But enough for now.

Thank you for the input, I appreciate any questions concerning this viewpoint of the nuclear structure.

Johannes