"Once, the white man believed he was superior to all other races and it was fashionable."

Well, since this is the flame board. The "white man" was in a certain extent correct, but was wrong to think it was biological in nature, rather than some historical good luck and entirely a cultural/technological aspect.
The white man in 18th century was superior as was the Chinaman was superior previously and for a far longer timeframe.
In the 16th Century or centuries earlier, China was the leading civilization in the world. It was the desire to trade with China, which accidentally resulted in the discover of the New World. And after the discovery of the New World, there was still much interest in somehow overcoming/getting around this obstacle of a land mass in order to get to China.

Through most of human history, China has been the superpower or at least a major power of the world.
For instance, the Roman empire was never under the impression that it ever was the world's super power- the Roman empire was a significant power and probably thought themselves as superior in some aspects, but they were aware of other comparable powers- obviously they were aware of the Persians.

Now, as far as fashion in general- well that always has been and will always be a bit silly and it's not just the "white man" who is engaged in this nonsense mostly belonging to a society's "elites" [elites being people who rich enough that they can afford this kind of excessive foolishness].

"Now, well, it hasn't changed that much, except it's his superiority towards other animals because he's got a soul while animals don't or at least a "more superior soul". "

Which reminds of a more or less recent fad, of people walking around in the nude- thereby demonstrating their animal nature.
As to whether animals have souls or not, I don't know the answer [and btw there is a hierarchy involved with it] . But probably animals have souls if humans have souls- in the East it is widely held that all animals have souls. And in western history, it's been held that no only humans and animals, but things like mountains, rocks, or buildings can have a soul.
But probably a better word for all this is sacred or holy- which is some kind a recognition of some quality of spiritual or godlike connection with it.