I don't think there is any over population in this world- including India or China. And I don't think the world is over populated. The world in general is badly governed, though I would agree that steeply rising population makes governing a bit harder- but so would steeply decreasing populations.

I think China's one child policy can not in any way be called successful or effective:
"The Chinese government introduced the policy in 1979 to alleviate the social and environmental problems of China."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-child_policy

Maybe if they run the program for say 5 or 10 years and then ended it, there could been some benefit from it- sort of acting like an awareness program- sort of interrupt a "fad" of having as many children as possible, because most will die before they are 30 sort of thing. Due to changing medical technology and technology in general. They are thinking of changing the policy now, but as far I concerned to are 20 years too late and could very well end up being 30-40 years too late.

It's not that think having such a program for 5 to 10 year would have been a real good idea, but there are some advantages and the damage [in regard to many aspects] wouldn't have been as much.

The fact that China is an exporter of rice, instead of a major importer, should tell people who believe over population something. China is top producer of rice and wheat, India is second from the top. The US is top producer of corn, China is second.
Now, China isn't the top exporter of rice- that's Thailand's distinguishing glory, India is second, Vietnam, US, then China.

As far as energy. There are vast amounts methane hydrates in the ocean- and no one seems to be in a big hurry to mine it.
There probably isn't any real shortage of fossil fuel, but say there was, there are practically unlimited supplies of nuclear fuel. And the Space environment offers us unlimited supplies of energy- more than we could use we bent all our efforts at somehow consuming it, and did this massive effort for a million years. Such as breeding faster than rabbits, and building huge amount interstellar craft to fight massive wars with the horrible bug creatures.