3 quick fixes for the Shuttle's leading edge vulnerability
1. Reenforce the leading edges so they're less vulnerable to impact.
2. Remove or reduce the insulation from the parts of the external tank most vulnerable to shedding.
3. Change back to the previous insulation formulation, the one with the chloro-florocarbons and without the shedding problem.
Not all changes have to be complicated or expensive. The Shuttle has a vulnerability to shedding insulation. Answer: reduce the amount of insulation shedding.
It's like the old joke:
A man goes to his doctor and says, "Doctor, it hurts when I do this."
Doctor: "Then quit doing that."