China and India together account for about 1/3rd of the Earth's population
Both of these countries have rapidly expanding economies, both release vast amounts of CO2, and both are exempt from Kyoto. The real question about the Kyoto Protocols is whether they would accomplish anything significant for the costs incurred. In the highly controversial book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, the assertion was made that full implementation of the Kyoto Protocols would perhaps reduce the increase in global temperatures by a fraction of a degree (0.2 degrees C, if memory serves) for a cost in the trillions. If (and I'll concede that's a big IF) that's true, then Kyoto seems like a very poor solution. Cost effectiveness should be considered when implementing new policy.