for basic access to LEO. Every space program should have a workhorse capsule design for sending people and supplies into orbit. However, capsules are not good enough for travel beyond LEO.

To send people out into deep space and to the planets, we are going to need sturdy and robust vessels. Craft with hulls at least one centimeter thick to protect the occupants from space radiation. Engines that will enable fast travel times, and the transporting of substantial payload. These vessels should also be built to last for many years, so that infrastructure can be built up and not be disposable and in constant need of being replaced.

A shuttle type vehicle would be required to retrieve equipment and space craft components in need of major refurbishment.