re: Electromagnetic spectrum
The atmosphere is pretty opaque to lambda outside the 400-700 nanometer range. There's not much to see there so the eye did not bother to evolve a capability to operate in that region of the spectrum.
Some creatures, such as insects, can see into the UV, but they probably pay dearly for that capability by sacrificing some other part of their optical performance. As far as I know, no animal can see the near IR, although pit vipers have specialized organs (not eyes) allowing them to detect thermal IR from their warm-blooded prey.