Here.

^Under such circumstances, any recession with the slightest perceptible effect on the public will end political careers by the score. And recessions are, alas, inevitable. The result, under both Democratic and Republican leadership, has been reckless government extension of credit. As a remedy for downturns, this has two political advantages. First, it does not bother conservatives as much as handouts do. Second, "easy credit has large, positive, immediate, and widely distributed benefits, whereas the costs all lie in the future. It has a payoff structure that is precisely the one desired by politicians, which is why so many countries have succumbed to its lure." You might say that the financial crisis reflects the emergence of the off-balance-sheet liabilities - the human costs - of deindustrialization.^

^This is an account of what ails us that is radically at odds with the familiar tale of greedy bankers in $5,000 suits. "Almost every financial crisis has political roots," Rajan writes. The credit market - at least as regards housing - was distorted by government policy, not by a sudden and mysterious escalation in "greed." The trends that shook the world economy came out of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, out of the Federal Housing Administration, and out of their “regulator,” the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.^

^By 2000, HUD required that low-income loans make up 50 percent of Fannie and Freddie’s portfolios. Out of "compassionate conservatism," perhaps, the Bush administration raised that mandate to 56 percent. Rajan cites Fannie Mae's former chief credit officer, Edward Pinto, who notes that, by 2008, "the FHA and various other government programs were exposed to about $2.7 trillion in subprime and Alt-A loans, approximately 59 percent of total loans to these categories." Peter Wallison of the American Enterprise Institute found that government-mandated loans accounted for two-thirds of "junk mortgages."^

The root problem is the concept that market forces need to be "managed" at every level by political forces. Political party is beside the point, if both are making the same mistakes.