There is a very strong tendency for money to chase near term profits. Even so, many large corps have long term R&D research programs. Tech, medical, aerospace, etc. And not always government funded. But Government is where the super projects with very long term returns are usually made.

Fission is certainly one example. I have mixed feelings about fission reactors. Good for climate, dangerous for accidents and proliferation. In a perfect world there would be no national security concerns.

The rest of your suggestions are generally good and in fact many are being implemented much faster than people realize. I'm not sure restructuring our economy and redesigning cities will necessarily lead to lower lifestyles. Again, I believe you fail to think outside the box and take into account ingenuity, innovation, and yes, the profit motive. In a regulated environment people still want to make money within the parameters they are allowed to.

There's low hanging fruit you missed. Natural gas creates about 10% of the carbon that coal does. I don't remember the exact numbers I read but I think it was 80% of the world's coal generated power comes from about a dozen gigantic power plants. Converting those dozen plants to natural gas in the short run would dramatically reduce carbon emmissions globally. It's an idea worth pursuing as we continue to ramp up renewables.

It's sadly obvious you are trying to bait me with your bogeyman. Whatever. Contemplate this: Raising taxes on oil will inevitably reduce oil demand -- as you suggest. It merely demonstrates how results can be changed in a positive way using S&D to achieve desirable goals through regulation. I'm hoping that didn't go right over your head.