Also, what about moons, double planets
Interesting article. Radiation could if present can be mediated by water at moderate depth. If a moon was present, it seems like it could provide some variability in the form of tides. I don't know what the probability of double planets (binary planet system) is in general or around red dwarfs specifically, but I know extrasolar double planet systems have been found. I wonder what the dynamics of a binary planet around a red dwarf would be. Seems that might aid all sorts of chaotic stimulus (light-dark cycles, tides, geologic activity....), that might aid evolution (as we know it).